Oil engine



Get. 13; 1931. F. HUBER 1,826,788

- I OIL ENGINE Filed April 26, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 1: w Q I 4-L AR NVENTOR ATTORNEY F. HUBER OIL ENGINE Filed April 26. 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 III/I INVENTOR l M1 4 j 7 3 ATTORNEY F. HUBER OIL ENGINE Oct. 13, 1931.

Filed April'26, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR mmi,

ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 13, 1931 UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE FRITZ HUBER, OF MANNHEIM, GERMANY, .A SSIGNOR TO HEINRICH LANZ AKTIEN- GESELLSGHAE'I', OF 'IBLDEN, GERMANY, A. CORPORATION OF GEBMkNY OIIIZ- ENGIITE I application filed April 26, 1929, Serial No. 358,255, and in Germany 5, 1928.

This invention relates to oil engines, and more particularly to the means for starting internal combustlon engines of this type.

As a matter of actual practice, oil engines,

' especially those used on tractors, are started by heating the head of the cylinder by means of a blow-torch or other suitable source of heat.. Attempts have, however, been made to heat the cylinder .head electrically, but an 1.) electric current of the amount required is not available on a tractor. It has also been proposed to start these engines by the use of a light oil and a spark-plug ignition, the current for the ignition being supplied by a 1.; magneto.

By my present invention, arrived at after a long series of experiments, I have succeeded in devising practical means for starting oil engines with light fuel oil and an electric 2o ignition, which can also be used for operating the engine for a shorter or longer period whenever found desirable.

One practical embodiment of the invention is shown, by way of illustration and not of limitation, in the accompanying drawings in whicha Figure 1 is a view, more or less diagrammatic, showing in side elevation a tractor equipped with my improvements; Fig. 2 is 3 a broken view, on an enlarged scale, showing the head of the cylinder in section and one of the two fuel oil pumps and the pump-actuating and control mechanism, partly in side elevation and partly in section; Fig. 3 is a broken view showing the two fuel oil pumps and their actuating and control mechanism partly in plan and partly in section; Fig. 4

is a detached sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of the electric igniter; and Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a cylinder head similar to that shown in Fig. 2 but equipped with an improved form of the igniter.

In the working embodiment shown in Fig.

1, a indicates the tractor as a whole, I) indicates generally the fuel feed pumps,-.two in number, and a is the cylinder head, dthe nozzle for the heavy fuel oil, e a nozzle for the light fuel oil, f an electric igniter, g a generator, 72. a, battery, z" the control board, and k a hand lever for the control of the fuel feed pumps. i

The cylinder head 0 here shown, in Figs. 2 and 5,is the head of the oil engine known as the Bull Dog, and the nozzle d, through which the heavyfuel oil is injected, is that. generally used in this particular engine. This nozzle, which is controlled by a needle valve and remains continuously open to the interior of the cylinder head, here serves to supply the engine with heavy fuel oil for its normal operation.

The nozzle e, serving for the introduction of the light fuel oil which is used primarily for starting the engine but can also be used to operate the engine if for any reason it is desired to continue to drive it with the light fuel oil for a longer period, is normally and automatically closed to the interior of the head, thereby shutting out the gaseous products of combustion and the heat and dirt 70 when the heavy fuel oil is being used, and opens only under the pressure of the oil when forced therethrough by its feed pump. It does not extend entirely through the wall of the cylinder-head, and the innerend of the bore in which it isset is milled out to provide a gone-shaped port a. The igniter f, associated with this nozzle, consists of a helical resistance coil f of heavy wire connected at one end to a pin conductor f extending through an axial bore in a plug f of insulatthe bore through the wall. The two ends of its coil are thus located at the comparativelycool inner end of this pocket, while the coil itself is thereby protected from the hottest of the combustion gases and is exposed only slightly to the heat of combustion when the engine is being operated with heavy fuel oil.

7 Furthermore, the arrangement of the parts is such that a small portion only of the light fuel oil injected, through the nozzle is sprayed against, and is vaporized and ignited c moderate heating of the igniter coil is required.

The ignition coil as stated is made of heavy wire, preferably of about 1.5 mm. in diameter,

I itor the reason that it must be able to\absorb a considerable amount of heat in order that it will not be cooled down below the ignition temperature by the spray of oil directed against it. and, further, that it will not be burned out tooquickly. Hence. itmust be supplied with a large current of electricitv at i by the generator a low tension, for example, a current of about 32 amperes at a potential of substantially 6 volts: and, as such a current cannot be supplied directly by a generator suitable for use on a tractor, and for other reasons, the current therefor is provided by the battery h, which as shown is mounted near the rear axle of the tractor and is automatically charged (7 under control from the control board 2'. One side of thebatterv is grounded on the frame of the tractor and its' other side is connected through a switch on the control board with'the bll'ldll'lQ post on the outer end of the conductor pin F, the circuit beinsrqroun ded at this end thropghthe threaded sleeve 7. Both ends oi the igmtion coil are, as seen, located at the relatively cool inner end of the wall ocket 0 and these ends are so connected to the conductor members, which may be of a cheap heat-resisting material, that the coil can be readily changed without renewing the other parts. i

In the modification shown in Fig. 5, the ignition coil i s-surrounded by a bushing s of suitable high heat-resisting" material, open atthe ends and provided with small openings through its sides which is inserted within the wall pocket 0 and proiects inwardly somewhat therefrom. This bushing being heated by the incandescent wire of the coil, will vaporize a part of the oil sprayed from the nozzle 76, and this vaporized oil, mixed with air, will reach the ignition coil through the openings in the bushing and be ignited thereby. The addition of the bushing constitutes an improvement, since with it the ignition coil. does not have to hold as much weaves heat as when the fuel oil is sprayed directly against the coil in liquid form.

Two fuel pumps are employed, one pump 6 for the heavy oil anda second pump b for the light oil, the discharge sides of the pumps being respectively connected with thenozzles d and 'e by pipes p and p Both pumps are controlled by the hand-lever is which, through a link Z and lever arm m, rocks a rock-shaft w mounted in suitable bearings at the side of the tractor. This rock-shaft carries a cam 'w keyed or otherwise fixed thereon, and at its inner end a fixed lever-arm w Upon the cam'w is rotatably mounted a sleeve which carries at its inner end an arm 'w connected by a connecting rod 1' to the pump-operating camr and at its outer end a lever-arm w terminating at its outer end in a driving head, while pivotally suspended from the end of the lever-arm 'w hangs a wed e member wt crating cam 1 mounted on the crank-shaft of The fuel pumps are driven y the pump-op-h the engine, which through the connecting rod r and push-rod r actuates the plunger of the heavy oil pump 6 and through the connecting rod 1' arm 41: fixed to the inner end of the sleeve on the cam 'w lever-arm w and ushrod r, actuates the plunger of the-lig t oil pump 6 The wedge member w is disposed in the nsual manner between the push rod 1' and the plunger of pump so that the stroke of this pump will be lengthened by the raising and shortened and finally reduced to zero by the lowering of this member. Also, by the rocking of the shaft w and cam w the leverarm w? will be shifted forwardly'into position, or rearwardly out of position, to actuate the push-rod 1" of the light oil pump 6 i 'The two groups of parts 'w 20 etc.a'nd r 1' etc. are so related and connected with the hand-lever k that neither of the two fuel it is swung from central position forwardly the heavy oil pump will be actuated. Furthermore, the heavy oil will beinjected into the head of the cylinder as usual during the first half of and will be fired at the end of the compression stroke, whereas the light oil will be injected therein only toward the end of the compression stroke.

The provision of separate pumps for the two kinds of fuel oil is ver useful, as providing means for a quick s ift from one to the other fuel during, the operation of the engine, making it possible to finish the operation of'the engine with the heavy oil and later immediately start again with the light oil.

The improvements herein shown and described are designed primarily for the starting of the engine with the light oil and electric ignition and later shifting to the heavy oil for normal operation. The light oil and ignition can, however, be used to operate the engine for a longer period. Consequently, a

nected up with the valve gearing are well control for selectively driving said pumps known they have not been shown here.

It is of course to be understood that the invention can be. variously modified in its several details, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit or sacrificing the substantial advantages thereof.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an oil engine, the combination of a cylinder, a nozzle for 'injecting therein a heavy fuel oil, a nozzle for injecting therein a light fuel oil, an incandescent wire igniter operatively related to the light fuel oil nozzle, separate pumps for supplying the heavy oil and the light oil to the said nozzles respectively, and means with unitary control for selectively driving said pumps.

2. In an oil .engine, the combination of a cylinder with head provided with anincandescent plate, a nozzle for heavy fuel oil and a nozzle for light fuel oil bothlocated opposite to and adapted to inject the oil therefrom against said plate, an incandescent wire igniter operatively related to said light fuel oil nozzle, separate pumps for supplying the heavy oil and the light oil to the said nozzles respectively, and means with unitary one at a time only.

3. In an oil engine, the combination of a cylinder with head provided with an incandescent plate, a nozzlefor injecting against said plate a heavy fuel-oil, a second nozzle forinjecting against said plate a light fuel oil, an incandescent wire igniter for the light fuel oil, separate pumps for supplying heavy oil and light oil to said nozzles respectively,

and means for selectively connecting saidpumps with pump-driving means whereby there will be injected into the cylinder head either the light fuel oil towards thejend or the heavy fuel oil during the first part of the compression strokeof the engine.

4. In an oil engine, the combination, with a cylinder with head having a nozzle for the injection therein of heavy fuel oil. a noz ed to rock on an axis shiftable to and from zle for the injection therein of a. light fuel oil, and an incandescent wire igniter, of separate pumps for supplying the heavy fuel .oil and light fuel oil to said nozzles respectively, pump-operating .means mounted on the I crank-shaft of the engine adapted to drive the heavy oil pump through a wedge member and the light oil pump through a lever mountthe pump, and control means for simultaneously shifting the wedge member and the axis of the lever whereby either or nelther of the pumps will be actuated but the [two cannot be actuated at the same time. I

5. In an'oil engine, the combination, with a cylinder having a head provided with an incandescent plate, ofa nozzle through which to injecta heavy oil therein and against the plate, a nozzle through which to similarly inject a light fuel oil against the plate,'and

an incandescentelectric igniter having a coil of wire resistance, the inner end of the light oil nozzle and the coil of wire resistancebeing pocketed in the walls of the cylinder head within the inner ends of the bores in which they are respectively mounted adjacent each other and connected by a passage between the inner ends of the two bores whereby a portion of the oil injected through the nozzle will be directed against the coil of wire resistance.

6. In an oil engine,'a' c linder with a head having an incandescent p ate and, set in bores in its walls opposite said plate, nozzles through which to respectively inject against said plate a heav fuel oil and a light fuel oil, and an incan escent electric igniter com prising a coil of relatively-heavy resistance wire, the igniter being located adjacent the light oil nozzle onthe sidethereof opposite the heavy oil nozzle with its coil substantially pocketed within the inner end'of the bore in which it is set and the bore in which the light oil nozzle is set'being expanded at its inner end on the-side of the igniter whereby a portion of the oil from said nozzle will spray against the igniter coil.

In an oil engine, the combinationj of a cylinder with head having an incandescent plate, means for injecting heavy oil into the cylinder head against said plate, means for similarly injecting a light fuel oil against said plate, and an electric igniter comprising a coil of heavy resistance wire both ends of which are connected with conductor members at the bottom of a pocket formed in the wall of the head, the port through which the light oilis. injected being located adjacent the pocket containing the ignti on coil and milled out to cone shape on the side of such pocket whereby a portion of the light oil will spray against the coil.

8. In an oil engine, the combination, with means for selectively injecting into the cylinder head and against an incandescent plate --either a heavy or a light fuel oil, of an electric igniter comprising a coil of resistance wirepartially pocketed within the wall of the head and surrounded by a bushing of highheat-resisting material having openings through its side, the electric igniter. being located at a point in the cylinder head where the inwardly projecting end of the bushing will intercept a part only of the light fuel oil injected therein.

@- Y eeefiee 9. In an oil engine, the combination, with means for electively injecting into the cylinder head one at a time only either a heavy or a 1i ht fuel oil, of an electric igniter for 5 the lig t fuel oil comprisin a. coil ofheeivy resistance wire disposed wit in the head a&- jacent the light oil inlet port to intercept e portion of the light oil injected into the head, a battery adapted to supply the coil of the electric igniter withthe electric current required at arelati'vely low voltage, an& a generatoractuatedby' the engine for charging the battery. FRITZ HUBER. 

